• Check the voltage of a battery using DC Volts
• Check the AC voltage from a wall outlet VERY CAREFULLY on the AC Volts 200 volt scale
• Check diodes and resistors
• Check fuses and light bulbs using the resistance scale. If a fuse or light is good, it'll read zero ohms. If it's broken, it'll read INF or infinite ohms.
• How to check a transistor
  
  

• Smoke (Lox, etc)
• Salt
• Spicy
• Sugar

• Amplifiers -- makes a signal louder. Makes an RF signal bigger.
  
• Attenuators -- makes a signal quiter or smaller. Resistors can attinuate.
  
• Oscillators -- an Oscillator is merely an amplifier specifically designed with its output coupled to (connected to) its input so that it feeds back upon itself rather like when you twang your electric guitar too close to the speaker. Oscillators are designed to produce sustained pure sine waves. In fact, the only ways to make AC is either with an Alternator or an oscillator. Inverters are oscillators. (Generators make DC).
  
• Mixers -- When you simply connect the output of two oscillators at different frequencies, they will mix and produce both the outputs of each oscillator plus the two of them added together (A+B) as well as the difference between them (A-B). So a mixer simply connects the output of two different signals (perhaps one is an oscillator and one is a signal in which you're interested) and filters out all but the one you want.
  
• Filters -- 3 kinds
  • Bandpass
  • High Pass
  • Low Pass
  
  
• Superheterodyne Receiver -- In a superheterodyne receiver, the signal from the antenna (around .2 - 50 microvolts - or millionths of a volt) is amplified in the radio frequency (RF) amplifier stage. The output of the RF stage is one input of a mixer. A Local Oscillator (LO) is the other input. In most cases, this first local oscillator is a variable frequency oscillator (VFO) (that is, it either has a tuning knob, usually a variable capacitor or it is a digital frequency synthesizer so it can produce whatever frequency is asked of it by a microprocessor so that your receiver tunes different frequencies. If there are different bands, they are also chosen here. A mixer is a small circuit with two inputs, A and B (or whatever you'd like to call them) and it produces two outputs, A+B and A-B. Since, in a receiver, we don't care about the A+B signal, it is filtered out. The A-B output of the mixer is at the Intermediate Frequency (IF) often around 10.7 Mhz, depending on to what particular frequency of a band to which you've tuned. A second mixer stage converts the signal to a second IF frequency, typically 455 KHz. There's often an automatic gain control which listens at the IF and if the signal gets too loud, it tells the RF Preamplifier to quiet down for a moment and then it goes back to receiving. The signal is then demodulated (demod). The modulation technique is irrelivent -- it might be AM, FM or SSB. The simpleist would be to just use a single diode as a decoder and then send it to an audio amplifer and a speaker to hear AM signals. Just a tiny bit more complicated than that, you could mix a carrier with a Beat Frequency Oscillator (a simple audio tone) to output CW as a tone or SSB as a voice.
  
  

Richard Nixon created the Petrodollar. Basically, rather than continue to peg the US Dollar to $35 per ounce of gold, Nixon needed to pay for wars and social programs and for that he needed to print way more dollars than he could without dumping the gold standard.

So in 1971 he made a deal with OPEC and Saudi Arabia under which no country in the entire world would be allowed to buy oil (for gas for engines or other petrolium products which every industrial society requires) unless they paid for it in US Dollars. In this way, he could print as many dollars as he needed and rather than the expected hyperinflation, every country in the world needed dollars to live so everyone bought into the scheme. The US Military would defend Saudi Arabia and every other country against those wishing to trade oil for any other currency so that the US Dollar would remain strong, no matter how much of it was printed into existance.

We invaded Iraq because Saddam Hussein tried to trade oil for Euros. We now have proof from the Clinton emails that we invaded Libya and killed Muammar Gaddafi specifically because he was planning to create a pan-african gold based currency (Libya has a lot more gold than the USA).

What's amazing about this is that the US Dollar is not owned by the US Government but rather by a few families who own stock in the Federal Reserve, which is the entity which is allowed to proft from the printing of US Dollars. You see, every single US Dollar which is brought into existance and given to anybody anywhere in the world is LOANED and not given. We all owe Interest or - to put it more simply Rent on the money supply to a group of trillionaire families who have created this monster system of the Fed, the International Bank of Settlements and the International Monetary Fund and World Bank. They use these tools to take over every country in the world and, so far, they're almost completely succeeded. There are just 3 left

Now, the whole system is falling apart and that is causing a lot of the world's current tensions. The Criminal syndicate which forces every country (except those 3) in the entire world to have central banks which are beholden to the International Bank of Settlements (and the World Bank and International Monetary Fund along with the monsters who own the US Federal Reserve) is worried and flexing it's muscles by, among other things, trying to:

• Ruin Western Europe by forcing a mass third-world migration of people who believe strongly in 6th century conquering and the setting up of a new Califate to destroy European Culture, and
• Trying to get US persons to disarm and
• Trying to institute international fascism by forcing us all into trade deals which allow multinational corporations to overrule our own health and safety and environmental and labor laws.